Cessna 172 Go Around Procedure

Mastering the Cessna 172 Go-Around: A Comprehensive Guide

The go-around, also known as a missed approach, is a crucial maneuver in aviation, representing a pilot's ability to safely reject a landing and transition to a stable climb. For Cessna 172 pilots, mastering this procedure is paramount for safety and proficiency. This comprehensive guide will delve into every aspect of executing a successful Cessna 172 go-around, from pre-landing preparations to post-go-around actions, ensuring you're well-equipped to handle this critical flight maneuver. This article covers everything from the initial decision-making process to the finer points of airspeed management and configuration.

Understanding the Need for a Go-Around

A go-around is initiated when the pilot determines that a safe landing cannot be completed. This decision might be based on several factors:

• Insufficient Airspeed: Approaching the runway too slowly can lead to a stall or loss of control.
• Poor Visibility: Reduced visibility due to weather conditions can compromise the landing.
• Incorrect Approach Path: Deviating from the proper glide slope or approach path can result in a landing outside the safe parameters.
• Unexpected Obstacles: Unexpected obstacles on the runway or in the approach path necessitate an immediate go-around.
• Wind Shear: Sudden changes in wind speed and direction can drastically affect the aircraft's flight path, jeopardizing a safe landing.
• Aircraft Malfunction: A malfunctioning system impacting the aircraft’s performance warrants an immediate go-around.
• Runway Incursion: Another aircraft or ground vehicle on the runway necessitates a go-around to avoid a collision.
• Unsatisfactory Landing Conditions: Factors like a crosswind beyond the pilot's capabilities or a wet runway might necessitate a go-around for safe landing considerations.

Pre-Landing Checklist and Go-Around Considerations

Before even beginning the approach, pilots should mentally prepare for the possibility of a go-around. This involves:

• Confirming Runway Conditions: Check for wind conditions, runway length, and any reported hazards.
• Maintaining Adequate Airspeed: A stable approach speed is essential for a successful go-around.
• Checking Engine Performance: Ensure the engine is functioning correctly and producing sufficient power.
• Briefing Passengers (if applicable): Informing passengers of the possibility of a go-around and what to expect helps maintain calm in case it becomes necessary.

Steps for Executing a Cessna 172 Go-Around

The go-around procedure is a critical sequence of actions that must be performed swiftly and smoothly. Here’s a breakdown:

1. The Decision Point: The initial decision to execute a go-around is critical. Don't hesitate to initiate a go-around if you are uncomfortable with the approach for any of the reasons mentioned above. Delaying the decision can compromise safety.

2. Throttle Application: Push the throttle firmly to the firewall. This provides maximum power to accelerate the aircraft and achieve a positive climb rate quickly.

3. Pitch Attitude Adjustment: Simultaneously, raise the nose of the aircraft to a safe climbing attitude. The exact angle will depend on your aircraft's performance and the existing wind conditions, but aim for a positive rate of climb. Avoid excessively steep climbs, which can lead to a stall.

4. Flaps Retraction: Retract the flaps smoothly and progressively according to the aircraft's flight manual recommendations. Typically, flaps should be retracted to the appropriate climb setting. Avoid abrupt flap movements.

5. Airspeed Management: Maintain a safe climbing airspeed. This will vary depending on the aircraft's configuration and weight, but generally, you should aim for the best rate of climb speed (Vx) or best angle of climb speed (Vy), as indicated in your aircraft's Pilot Operating Handbook (POH).

6. Retracting Landing Gear (if applicable): Once a safe climbing speed is attained and you have established a positive rate of climb, retract the landing gear smoothly.

7. Climb Configuration: Establish a stable climb, monitoring airspeed and altitude. Maintain positive rate of climb and appropriate airspeed.

8. Communication: Communicate your intentions to Air Traffic Control (ATC) using standard phraseology, e.g., "Tower, Cessna 1234, go-around."

Explaining the Physics Behind a Successful Go-Around

The physics of a go-around rely on fundamental principles of flight:

• Thrust: Applying full throttle increases thrust, providing the necessary force to overcome drag and initiate a climb.
• Lift: Increasing the angle of attack by raising the nose increases lift, contributing to the climb. However, be cautious not to exceed the critical angle of attack, preventing a stall.
• Drag: Retracting flaps and landing gear reduces drag, allowing for more efficient climbing performance.

The timing and coordination of these elements are crucial for a smooth and effective go-around. A poorly executed go-around can result in a loss of altitude, excessive airspeed, or even a stall.

Troubleshooting Common Go-Around Issues

Several issues can arise during a go-around, often stemming from incorrect technique or unexpected situations.

• Insufficient Climb Performance: This can be due to insufficient power, excessive weight, or an improperly configured aircraft. Verify engine performance, check weight and balance, and ensure proper flaps and gear retraction.
• Overshooting Airspeed: This occurs if the nose is not raised appropriately or the throttle is applied too aggressively. Gradually reduce power and adjust the pitch attitude to maintain a safe airspeed.
• Stalling: This typically occurs due to an excessively steep climb angle or insufficient airspeed. Lower the nose to increase airspeed and recover from the stall.
• Poor Coordination: Lack of coordination between throttle, pitch, and flap retraction can lead to a bumpy and inefficient go-around. Practice is crucial for achieving smooth coordination.

Go-Around Training and Practice

Regular practice is critical to mastering the go-around procedure. This can be achieved through:

• Flight Simulator Training: Simulators offer a safe and controlled environment to practice go-arounds repeatedly without risking the aircraft.
• Flight Instructor Guidance: A certified flight instructor can provide valuable guidance and feedback on your technique, improving your safety and proficiency.
• Practicing in Real-World Scenarios: During training flights with an instructor, perform simulated go-arounds under various conditions.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: What is the difference between a go-around and a missed approach?

A: The terms "go-around" and "missed approach" are often used interchangeably, particularly in the context of the Cessna 172. They refer to the same maneuver: abandoning a landing attempt and transitioning to a climb.

Q: How high should I climb after a go-around?

A: There isn't a fixed altitude target. Climb to a safe altitude that allows you to reassess the situation and complete a subsequent approach or proceed to another airport. ATC instructions may also dictate the desired altitude.

Q: What if I experience an engine failure during a go-around?

A: An engine failure during a go-around is a serious emergency. Follow emergency procedures as outlined in your aircraft's flight manual, which might include maintaining airspeed, selecting the best glide speed, and identifying a suitable landing area.

Q: Should I use the checklist during a go-around?

A: While using a checklist during the initial stages of a go-around might not be always feasible due to time constraints, referencing the checklist after stabilizing the climb helps ensure you haven’t overlooked any important steps.

Q: How important is communication with ATC during a go-around?

A: Communication with Air Traffic Control (ATC) is vital during a go-around. It keeps ATC informed of your intentions, allowing them to manage other traffic and prevent potential conflicts. Failure to inform ATC can have severe safety consequences.

Conclusion: Proficiency Through Practice

The go-around is not just a procedure; it’s a testament to a pilot's proficiency and judgment. By understanding the underlying principles, practicing regularly, and developing a systematic approach, Cessna 172 pilots can confidently execute a go-around in any situation, ensuring the safety of themselves and their passengers. Remember, consistent practice and adherence to proper procedures are key to mastering this essential flight maneuver. Regular review and understanding of the Cessna 172's Pilot Operating Handbook (POH) specific to go-arounds is crucial for successful execution. Never hesitate to seek further instruction and training if needed. The safety of your flight depends on your understanding and implementation of this crucial procedure.